Science, unit 1, unit 2

Lesson - 1

Characteristics of Living Things

Main Points of this lesson

👉 The things which have life in them are called living beings and the things which

do not have life in them are called nonliving things.

👉 Living beings have various features which are not found in non living things.

👉 All living beings need food. Plants can prepare their food by themselves but

animals depend upon other animals and plants for food.

👉 Living things produce energy by using the oxygen present in inhaled air.

👉 Living things grow in size as well as develop also.

👉 Animals locomote from place to place to find food and shelter but plants do not

show the locomotion like in animals. Parts of some plants show the locomotion.

👉 Animals show the response towards the changes quickly but plants do not show

the reaction quickly.

👉 Animals reproduce their young ones by laying eggs or giving birth directly.

Plants reproduce by seeds or other parts present in them.

👉 Living thing excrete the unwanted materials produced in their bodies.

👉 All the living things die after certain period of time.

Exercise

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words. (the answer is in **-**)

a. Plants and animals need food to get **energy**.

b. Plants exchange the gases through **stomata**.

c. Animals can show the reaction with **energy changes** in nature.

d. The process of removing unwanted things by living beings is **excretion**.

e. Animals locomote to find food and **shelter**.

2. Write ‘True’ for the correct sentences and ‘False’ for the wrong ones.

a. False. Animals cannot prepare their own food to eat. They either eat plants or other animals.

b. True. Fishes breathe with the help of gills.

c. False. A car is not a living thing. It is a machine.

d. False. Not all animals give birth directly. Some animals lay eggs.

e. True. Living beings can show the sensitivity towards the change in nature. For example, animals can sense when the weather is going to change.

3. Answer the following questions.

a. What is growth? What difference is there in the growth of plants and animals?

👉 Growth is the process by which an organism increases in size and complexity. In plants, growth is primarily due to cell division. In animals, growth is due to both cell division and cell enlargement.

The main difference between the growth of plants and animals is that plants grow from the tips of their roots and shoots, while animals grow from their heads and tails. This is because plants need to grow new roots and shoots in order to absorb water and nutrients from the soil, while animals need to grow new heads and tails in order to see and move around.

b. Why do animals move from one place to another?

👉 Animals move from one place to another for a variety of reasons, including to find food, to find mates, to escape predators, and to explore their environment.

Some animals, such as predators, move to find food. For example, a lion might travel long distances to find a herd of zebras to prey on.

Other animals, such as birds, move to find mates. For example, a male robin might sing a song to attract a female robin.

Still other animals, such as prey animals, move to escape predators. For example, a rabbit might run away from a fox.

Finally, some animals, such as humans, move to explore their environment. For example, a hiker might climb a mountain to see the view from the top.

c. An airplane can fly in the air like a bird. Is it a living thing? Why?

👉 An aeroplane is not a living thing because it does not grow, reproduce, or respond to its environment in the same way that living things do. An aeroplane can fly in the air like a bird, but it does not do so by flapping its wings. An aeroplane is powered by an engine, and it uses its wings to generate lift.

d. What is reproduction ? How do the animals reproduce?

👉 Reproduction is the process by which living things produce offspring. There are two main types of reproduction: sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction.

In sexual reproduction, two parents contribute genetic material to create a new offspring. The offspring is a unique individual with a combination of the genetic material from its parents.

In asexual reproduction, a single parent produces an offspring that is genetically identical to itself.

Most animals reproduce sexually. However, some animals, such as sea stars, can reproduce asexually.

e. When you beat a dog with a stick, it barks or may chase you. Which characteristic is this? Why?

👉 When you beat a dog with a stick, it barks or may chase you. This is an example of the animal's ability to respond to its environment. The dog barks or chases you because it is in pain and it wants to defend itself.

The ability to respond to the environment is one of the characteristics of living things. All living things are able to sense changes in their environment and respond to those changes in some way.

4. Write down any four differences between plants and animals in their characteristics. 

1. Movement: Plants cannot move from one place to another, but animals can. Animals have muscles and bones that allow them to move around, while plants do not.
2. Nutrition: Plants make their own food through photosynthesis, while animals get their food by eating plants or other animals. Plants use chlorophyll to convert sunlight into energy, which they use to make food from carbon dioxide and water. Animals cannot do this, so they must eat plants or other animals to get the energy they need.
3. Reproduction: Plants reproduce by seeds, spores, or bulbs, while animals reproduce by giving birth to live young or laying eggs. Plants produce seeds or spores that can grow into new plants, while animals give birth to live young or lay eggs that hatch into baby animals.
4. Sensitivity: Plants are sensitive to their environment, but they do not have the same level of sensitivity as animals. Plants can sense changes in light, temperature, and water, but they cannot feel pain or other sensations like animals can. Animals have a nervous system that allows them to feel pain, pleasure, and other sensations.

5. Make a table and write down any six points of difference between living beings and nonliving things.

Answer 👉

Point of Difference	Living Beings	Non-Living Things
1. Cellular Structure	Composed of cells	Lacks cellular structure
2. Growth and Development	Exhibits growth and development	Does not grow or develop
3. Metabolism	Possesses metabolism to obtain energy	Lacks metabolism
4. Reproduction	Can reproduce and create offspring	Does not reproduce
5. Response to stimuli	Can respond to external/internal stimuli	Lacks the ability to respond
6. Adaptation	Can adapt to changes in the environment	Cannot adapt to changes in the environment

6. Draw a picture of an animal you like and color it.

Answer 👉

Do your Self

 Lesson - 2

Habitat of Animals 

Important Points in this Lesson

👉 An animal’s living place is called as habitat.

👉 Animals need habitat to protect themselves from different weather and their enemies.

👉 Animals make their shelters according to their body structures. Some animals live in the shelters that are adapted for them.

👉 Animals which are kept at home by humans are called as domestic animals. These are kept in the home made by humans.

👉 Animals living in natural habitats are called as wild animals.

👉 Some animals make their shelter by themselves in their habitat and some animals live in some natural places.

👉 Some animals live on land, some live in water whereas some animals can live both on land and in water.

👉 Various external body features are developed in animals according to their habitat.

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

a. All animals need **shelter** to live in.

b. Most of the animals live in **natural** habitat

c. Habitat protects an animal from sun, cold, rain and **predators**.

d. A spider makes a **web** to live.

e. The birds make their **nest** by themselves.

2. Write ‘True’ for the correct sentences and ‘False’ for the wrong ones.

a. **True**. Habitat protects animals from enemies and difficult weather.

b. **False**. A snake does not make its own habitat. It usually lives in a burrow or under a rock.

c. **True**. Sparrows make their own nests out of twigs and grass.

d. **True**. Water animals have fins to swim in water.

e. **True**. Rats store the food materials in their shelter.

3. Match the following:

Rabbit - Burrow

Deer - None of the options match (Deer do not typically create hives)

Lion - None of the options match (Lions do not typically reside in bushes)

Bees - Hive

Fishes - Land and water (as fishes can inhabit both land and water, depending on the species)

Frog - Water

So the correct matching would be:

Rabbit - Burrow

Deer - None

Lion - None

Bees - Hive

Fishes - Land and water

Frog - Water

4. Answer the following questions.

a. What is a habitat? Why do animals need shelter?

Habitat refers to the natural environment or surroundings in which an organism or a community of organisms lives. It provides the necessary resources and conditions for an organism's survival, growth, and reproduction. Animals need shelter within their habitat for various reasons, including protection from predators, extreme weather conditions, and providing a safe place for breeding and raising offspring.

b. Name any two animals that make their shelter themselves.

Two animals that make their shelters themselves are:

• Beavers: Beavers construct dams and lodges using branches, mud, and other natural materials. These structures provide shelter, protection, and storage space for the beaver family.
• Termites: Termites build elaborate nests called termite mounds. These mounds are constructed using a mixture of soil, saliva, and feces. They provide shelter, regulate temperature and humidity, and serve as a social and reproductive hub for the termite colony.

c. Name any two animals that use the natural places astheir shelters

Two animals that use natural places as their shelters are:

• Squirrels: Squirrels often make their nests, called dreys, in tree branches using leaves, twigs, and other materials. These nests provide shelter and protection for squirrels and their young.
• Rabbits: Rabbits create burrows in the ground as their natural shelters. These burrows provide protection from predators and harsh weather conditions. They also serve as breeding and nesting sites.

d. Name any two animals that can live both on land and in water. 

Two animals that can live both on land and in water are:

• Frogs: Frogs are amphibians that have adaptations to live both in water and on land. They lay their eggs in water and undergo metamorphosis from tadpoles to adult frogs.
• Turtles: Turtles are reptiles that can live in aquatic environments such as lakes, rivers, and oceans, but also venture onto land for basking, nesting, and laying eggs.

e. How does a bird make its nest?

Birds make their nests through a process of nest-building. The exact method can vary depending on the bird species. Generally, birds use materials such as twigs, leaves, grass, moss, feathers, and even mud to construct their nests. They weave, shape, and interlock these materials to form a sturdy structure. Some birds use their beaks to carry and arrange the nesting materials, while others use their feet or bills to mold and shape the nest. The purpose of the nest is to provide a safe place for laying eggs, incubating them, and raising their young. The size, shape, and location of the nest can vary depending on the bird species and their specific habitat requirements.