Science, unit 17, unit 18

 Lesson - 17

Food and Nutrition

Main Points to Remember

👉 A balanced food contains different types of food with of all the essential nutrients.

👉 On the basis of the functions of food in our body, the foods are of three types. They are; energy giving food, body building food, protective/regulating food.

👉 On the basis of nutrients, the foods contain: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals.

👉 Our main foods which are made by cereals like rice, wheat, millet, maize give us energy as they contain carbohydrate.

👉 Pulses like peas, beans, rajma, long bean, etc. contain protein in them and are body building foods.

👉 Fats and oils are required to get energy.

👉 Vegetables and fruits provide vitamins to our body. So, we need to eat green vegetables and fruits regularly.

👉 Some minerals are required to our body which we get from fruits and vegetables.

👉 Milk provide all different types of nutrients. It is called as perfect food. So, we must take milk and milk products in our meal.

👉 The nutritional foods alone are not enough to make us healthy. These foods must be free of contamination as well.

👉 We should develop a good habit of eating foods.

👉 We should not eat junk food, stale food and unsafe food.

Exercise

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words. iron unsafe energy protein carbohydrates

a. We eat food to get .........................

b. Foods made of cereals contain .........................

c. ......................... helps to heal the wounds in our body.

d. We get ......................... from green leafy vegetables.

e. The contaminated foods are ......................... to eat.

Answer 👉

a. We eat food to get energy.

b. Foods made of cereals contain carbohydrates.

c. Iron helps to heal the wounds in our body.

d. We get protein from green leafy vegetables.

e. The contaminated foods are unsafe to eat.

2. Write ‘True’ for the correct sentences and ‘False’ for the wrong ones.

a. We need food to get energy and for growth.

b. Vitamins and minerals are needed to be healthy and strong.

c. We should wash the fruits and vegetables after cutting them.

d. Junk foods provide us essential nutrients.

e. We should not speak while eating meal.

Answer 👉

a. True

b. True

c. True

d. False

e. True

3. Answer the following questions:

a. Write down any four examples of energy giving food.

Examples of energy-giving food: Rice, bread, pasta, potatoes.

b. Write down any three uses of water in our body.

Uses of water in our body: Hydration, digestion, temperature regulation.

c. Why is milk known as complete food?

Milk is known as a complete food because it contains a balanced combination of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals that are essential for growth and development.

d. What kind of food do we need to eat to be healthy?

To be healthy, we need to eat a balanced diet that includes a variety of foods from different food groups, such as fruits, vegetables, grains, protein sources, and dairy products.

e. Why should we eat green vegetables and fruits?

We should eat green vegetables and fruits because they are rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that support our overall health, provide essential nutrients, and help in maintaining a healthy immune system. They also contribute to better digestion and can reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

 Lesson - 18

Diseases and

Health Services

Main Points to Remember

👉 An uneasy condition of the body is called disease.

👉 Stale foods, dirty body, unhealthy habits, injury and lack of vaccination may cause the diseases.

👉 There are two types of diseases, communicable and noncommunicable.

👉 Communicable diseases transfer from person to person and noncommunicable diseases do not transfer from person to person.

👉 We should follow the vaccination schedule to be safe from various diseases.

👉 In case of illness, we need to go to the medical experts for treatment.

Exercise

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

face contaminated food throat BCG micro organisms

a. Diarrhoea and dysentery are caused by ..................

b. Polio and mumps are caused by ..................

c. .................. is given against tuberculosis.

d. Diptheria victims feel pain in the ..................

e. In chicken pox, rashes are first seen on the ..................

Answer 👉

a. Diarrhoea and dysentery are caused by contaminated food.

b. Polio and mumps are caused by microorganisms.

c. BCG is given against tuberculosis.

d. Diphtheria victims feel pain in the throat.

e. In chicken pox, rashes are first seen on the face.

2. Write ‘True’ for the correct sentences and ‘False’ for the wrong ones.

a. We become sick when we fill uneasy in our body.

b. There is a frequent release of stool mixed with blood and mucus in diarrohea.

c. Diabetes and cancer are communicable diseases.

d. OPV (oral polio vaccine) has to be given to a children for three times.

e. We can take the medicines from a Dhami when we are sick.

Answer 👉

a. False

b. True

c. False

d. True

e. False

3. Match the following:

BCG ----------Tetanus

DPT ---------Polio

OpV ---------Tuberculosis

TT -----------Diptheria / whooping cough

Answer 👉

BCG ---------- Tuberculosis

DPT --------- Diptheria / Pertussis (whooping cough) / Tetanus

OPV --------- Polio

TT ----------- Tetanus

4. Name the disease having following symptoms:

a. Running nose, fever and headache.

 ..............................................................................................

b. Frequent passing of stool with blood and mucus.

 ..............................................................................................

c. Itching, rashes on the skin.

 ..............................................................................................

d. Body bends like a bow, muscles get tight.

 ..............................................................................................

e. Noisy breathe with difficulty.

 ..............................................................................................

Answer 👉

a. Running nose, fever, and headache: Common cold or Influenza

b. Frequent passing of stool with blood and mucus: Dysentery

c. Itching, rashes on the skin: Allergic reaction or Dermatitis

d. Body bends like a bow, muscles get tight: Tetanus or Lockjaw

e. Noisy breathing with difficulty: Asthma

5. Answer the following questions.

a. Write down any three common causes of diseases.

Three common causes of diseases are:

1. Poor hygiene: Lack of proper sanitation, improper handwashing, and unsanitary living conditions can contribute to the spread of diseases.
2. Contaminated food and water: Consuming contaminated food or water can lead to various diseases, including food poisoning and waterborne illnesses.
3. Environmental factors: Exposure to pollutants, toxins, and hazardous substances in the environment can increase the risk of developing certain diseases.

b. What is noncommunicable disease?

A noncommunicable disease is a medical condition or disorder that is not caused by infectious agents and cannot be transmitted from person to person. These diseases are typically chronic in nature and have long-term effects on an individual's health. Examples of noncommunicable diseases include heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and respiratory diseases.

c. What are the symptoms of measles? How can we

prevent from this disease?

Symptoms of measles include high fever, cough, runny nose, red and watery eyes, and a characteristic rash that starts on the face and spreads to the body. To prevent measles, vaccination is the most effective method. Ensuring high vaccination coverage in the community can help prevent outbreaks and protect individuals from the disease.

d. What are the main causes of heart disease?

The main causes of heart disease include:

1. Unhealthy diet: Consuming a diet high in saturated fats, cholesterol, and sodium can contribute to the development of heart disease.
2. Lack of physical activity: Leading a sedentary lifestyle and not engaging in regular exercise can increase the risk of heart disease.
3. Smoking: Tobacco use, including smoking cigarettes, greatly increases the risk of heart disease.

e. Write down any three methods of prevention of diseases.

Three methods of prevention of diseases are:

1. Vaccination: Getting vaccinated helps protect against various infectious diseases by stimulating the immune system to recognize and fight off specific pathogens.
2. Practicing good hygiene: Regularly washing hands with soap and water, maintaining cleanliness in the living environment, and practicing safe food handling can help prevent the spread of diseases.
3. Healthy lifestyle choices: Adopting a balanced and nutritious diet, engaging in regular physical activity, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and managing stress can significantly reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases.