Science, unit 19, unit 20

Lesson - 19

Safety and First Aids

Main Points to Remember

👉 Accidents occur suddenly or unknowingly when we are careless or in a hurry.

👉 In cities and towns, accidents are caused due to over traffic and overcrowding.

👉 In villages, accidents occur due to sleepy roads, slippery paths, streams, etc.

👉 We must obey safety rules in all places to avoid accidents.

👉 The treatment provided to an injured person before the arrival of a doctor is called as first aid.

👉 We should know the principles and practice of first aid before providing first aid to a victim.

Exercise

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

calm careless zebra crossing first aid bare feet and hands

a. Accidents offen happen when people are .....................

b. We should cross the road at a .....................

c. We should not touch electric switch with .....................

d. ..................... is an immediate care.

e. We should remain ..................... to help the victim.

Answer 👉

a. Accidents often happen when people are careless.

b. We should cross the road at a zebra crossing.

c. We should not touch electric switches with bare feet and hands.

d. First aid is an immediate care.

e. We should remain calm to help the victim.

2. Write ‘True’ for the correct sentences and ‘False’ for the wrong ones.

a. Accidents occur unknowingly and suddenly.

b. We can cross the road from anywhere.

c. If there is no footpath, we should walk on the right side of the road.

d. We should follow safety rules to avoid accidents.

e. We can provide treatment to a injured person after an accident.

Answer 👉

a. True

b. False

c. False

d. True

e. True

3. Match the following:

First aid -------------Shock

Accidents------------ Keep us safe

Safety rules---------- Cut

Sharp instrument ---Occur suddenly

Electricity -------------Immediate help

Answer 👉

First aid ------------- Immediate help

Accidents------------ Occur suddenly

Safety rules---------- Keep us safe

Sharp instrument --- Cut

Electricity ------------- Shock

4. Answer the following questions:

a. What is an accident?

An accident is an unplanned and undesirable event that results in harm, injury, damage, or loss to a person or property.

b. How does an accident occur?

Accidents can occur due to various reasons, such as:

• Human error or negligence
• Unsafe working or living conditions
• Lack of proper training or knowledge
• Mechanical failures or equipment malfunctions
• Natural disasters or unforeseen circumstances

c. What safety rules should you be following while

using electricity?

Safety rules to follow while using electricity include:

• Avoid overloading electrical circuits or outlets.
• Keep electrical cords and appliances away from water.
• Use electrical appliances and devices that are in good condition.
• Follow proper procedures for handling and using electrical equipment.
• Ensure proper grounding and insulation to prevent electric shocks.

d. What is first aid?

First aid refers to the immediate and initial assistance or care given to a person who has been injured or taken ill before professional medical help arrives. It includes simple medical techniques and procedures to stabilize the condition of the injured or ill person and prevent further harm.

e. Why is the number of accidents more in cities and towns?

The number of accidents is often higher in cities and towns due to several factors, including:

• Higher population density: Cities and towns tend to have larger populations, which increases the likelihood of accidents occurring.
• Increased traffic: Urban areas often have heavy traffic, increasing the risk of road accidents.
• Complex infrastructure: Cities and towns have complex infrastructures with various hazards such as construction sites, high-rise buildings, and multiple transportation systems, which can contribute to accidents.
• Greater exposure to hazards: Urban areas may have a higher concentration of potentially hazardous environments, such as industrial areas or busy streets, which can increase the risk of accidents.
• Lack of open spaces: Limited availability of open spaces for recreation or physical activities can lead to a higher incidence of accidents in crowded urban areas.

 Lesson - 20

Smoking and its effects

Main Points to Remember

👉 The habit of using tobacoo in any form is called smoking.

👉 The persons that smoke are called as smokers.

👉 Tobacoo is used in various forms like cigarettes, khaini, tamakhu, bidi, etc.

👉 The people around smokers are passive smokers. They are also affected by smoking.

👉 Smoking is injurious to health. It causes various harmful effects in human health.

👉 Smoking causes respiratory diseases, heart diseases, mouth and lungs cancer, etc.

👉 Tobacoo is a plant whose leaves are used for smoking in dried form. It contains nicotine which is a poisonous chemical.

👉 We should be away from smoking. We should suggest smokers to avoid it.

Exercise

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

lips tobacoo passive nicotine injurious

a. ............................ is used in cigarettes.

b. The harmful substance found in tobacoo is ..................

c. The people living around smokers are ..................... smokers.

d. Smoking is ........................ to health.

e. Smoking makes the ..................... black.

Answer 👉 

a. Nicotine is used in cigarettes.

b. The harmful substance found in tobacco is nicotine.

c. The people living around smokers are passive smokers.

d. Smoking is injurious to health.

e. Smoking makes the lips black.

2. Write ‘True’ for the correct sentences and ‘False’ for the wrong ones.

a. Drinking alcohol, drug addiction and smoking are social evils.

b. Nicotine is a useful medicine.

c. Smoking reduces our life span.

d. Awareness helps people to avoid bad habits.

e. One can smoke in a public place.

Answer 👉 

a. True

b. False

c. True

d. True

e. False

3. Match the following:

Alcohol ---------Non smokers

Smoking --------Nicotine

Tobacoo --------Asthma

Healthy life -----Drinking

Answer 👉 

Alcohol --------- Drinking

Smoking -------- Nicotine

Tobacco -------- Non-smokers

Healthy life ----- Asthma

4. Answer the following questions:

a. What is smoking?

 Smoking is the act of inhaling and exhaling the smoke produced by burning tobacco or other substances, typically through the use of cigarettes, cigars, or pipes.

b. What is the poisonous substance found in tobacoo?

The poisonous substance found in tobacco is nicotine.

c. Who are passive smokers?

Passive smokers are individuals who are exposed to secondhand smoke or the smoke exhaled by active smokers. They inhale the smoke involuntarily and are at risk of the same health hazards associated with smoking.

d. Write down any three effects of smoking in human health.

Three effects of smoking on human health are:

1. Increased risk of lung cancer, respiratory diseases, and heart diseases.
2. Negative impact on cardiovascular health, leading to increased blood pressure, reduced lung function, and increased risk of stroke.
3. Harmful effects on overall respiratory health, including chronic cough, wheezing, and increased susceptibility to respiratory infections.

e. What would you do if you saw your family member is smoking?

If I saw a family member smoking, I would:

• Express concern for their health and well-being.
• Share information about the risks and harmful effects of smoking.
• Encourage them to consider quitting or seeking support to quit smoking.
• Offer support and resources such as information about smoking cessation programs or professional help.
• Be a positive role model by maintaining a smoke-free environment and practicing healthy habits.